الكيمياء العضوية 2

 

الكيمياء العضوية 2

 

ALKANES

  Methane
 Bonding
 Geometry
 Hybridization
 Combustion
 Ethane
 Propane
 Butane
 Pentane
 Higher of alkanes
 Heats of combustion and formation
 Cyclic Alkanes
 Structure activity Relationships
 Nomenclature of branched-chain alkanes
 Chemical reactions of alkanes

ALKYNES

 Acetylene
 Structure
 Preparation of Alkynes (Ethylene)
 Synthesis of Acetylene
 Alkylation of 1-Alkynes
 Addition Reactions of Acetylene
 Reaction Map
 Addition of HX
 Addition of Halogens
 Addition of Hydrogen
 Catalytic Hydrogenation
 Dissolving Metal Reduction
 Addition of Water 
 Nomenclature of Alkynes

ALKENES

Structure
Ethene (Ethylene)
Propene
Butene
Chemical Reactions of Alkenes
Reaction Map
Addition Reactions
Addition of Hydrogen Halides
Markovnikov Addition
Addition of Water
Addition of Halogens
Addition of Hydrogen
Epoxides
Ozonolysis
Conjugated Systems
Nomenclature of Alkenes

ALKYLE HALIDES

Structure
Preparation of Alkyl Halides
Nucleophilic Substitution
SN1
SN2
Elimination Reactions
E1
E2 Reactions
Summary of Substitution and Elimination Reactions
Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides

AROMATICS

 Aromatics
Structure of Benzene
Stability of Benzene
Aromaticity
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Halogenation
Nitration
Sulfonation
Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
Friedel-Crafts Acylation
Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes
Reactivity and Orientation
Nomenclature of Aromatics

ALCOHOLS

PHENOLES

    structure
    Physical Properties   

    Classification of Alcohols
    Nomenclature of Alcohols
    Preparation of Alcohols
    Oxidation of Alcohols
    oxidation of aldehydes

ALDEHYDES

KETONES

Nucleophilic Addition
Reaction Map
Addition of Water
Addition of Alcohols
Addition of Amines
Addition of Grignard Reagents
Wittig Reaction
Oxidation-Reduction
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Nomenclature of Aldehydes and Ketones

ETHERS

THIOLS

Ethers
Chemical Properties of Ethers
Epoxides
Synthesis of Ethers
Williamson Ether Synthesis
Cleavage of Ethers

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

&

DERIVATIVES

Carboxylic Acids
Effect of Substituents on Acidity
Physical Properties
Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids
Reaction Map
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols and Aldehydes
Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes
Carbonylation of Grignard Reagents
Nitrile Hydrolysis
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyl Groups
Esters
Amides
Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Overview of Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives